Dengue fever Aedes aegypti Homeopathic Treatment

There are four antigenically different serotypes of the virus: 

DENV is a 50-nm virus enveloped with a lipid membrane (see figure 1). There are 180 identical copies of the envelope (E) protein attached to the surface of the viral membrane by a short transmembrane segment. The virus has a genome of about 11000 bases that encodes a single large polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into several structural and non-structural mature peptides. The polyprotein is divided into three structural proteins, C, prM, E; seven nonstructural proteins, NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5; and short non-coding regions on both the 5' and 3' ends (see figure 2). The structural proteins are the capsid (C) protein, the envelope (E) glycoprotein and the membrane (M) protein, itself derived by furine-mediated cleavage from a prM precursor. The E glycoprotein is responsible for virion attachment to receptor and fusion of the virus envelope with the target cell membrane and bears the virus neutralization epitopes. In addition to the E glycoprotein, only one other viral protein, NS1, has been associated with a role in protective immunity. NS3 is a protease and a helicase, whereas NS5 is the RNA polymerase in charge of viral RNA replication.

The life cycle of dengue involves endocytosis via a cell surface receptor (see video 1 and figure 3). The virus uncoats intracellularly via a specific process. In the infectious form of the virus, the envelope protein lays flat on the surface of the virus, forming a smooth coat with icosahedral symmetry. However, when the virus is carried into the cell and into lysozomes, the acidic environment causes the protein to snap into a different shape, assembling into trimeric spike. Several hydrophobic amino acids at the tip of this spike insert into the lysozomal membrane and cause the virus membrane to fuse with lysozome. This releases the RNA into the cell and infection starts.

 The DENV RNA genome is in the infected cell translated by the host ribosomes. The resulting polyprotein is subsequently cleaved by cellular and viral proteases at specific recognition sites. The viral nonstructural proteins use a negative-sense intermediate to replicate the positive-sense RNA genome, which then associates with capsid protein and is packaged into individual virions. Replication of all positive-stranded RNA viruses occurs in close association with virus-induced intracellular membrane structures. DENV also induces such extensive rearrangements of intracellular membranes, called replication complex (RC). These RCs seem to contain viral proteins, viral RNA and host cell factors. The subsequently formed immature virions are assembled by budding of newly formed nucleocapsids into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby acquiring a lipid bilayer envelope with the structural proteins prM and E. The virions mature during transport through the acidic trans-Golgi network, where the prM proteins stabilize the E proteins to prevent conformational changes. Before release of the virions from the host cell, the maturation process is completed when prM is cleaved into a soluble pr peptide and virion-associated M by the cellular protease furin. Outside the cell, the virus particles encounter a neutral pH, which promotes dissociation of the pr peptides from the virus particles and generates mature, infectious virions. At this point the cycle repeats itself.

Dengue symptoms come to notice after 10 to 15 days of biting of the mosquitoes which are the career of the viruses.
• Abrupt fever with chills
• Fever gets down after 3 to 4 days with excessive sweating. The patient experienced normal temperature for one day and again temperature surges.
• Severe Headache
• Severe body ache
• Low back pain
• Severe muscle and joints pain
• Skin rashes
• Pain behind eyes
• Palm and sole may be swollen and red.
• Pain in abdomen with Nausea
• Vomiting
• Weakness

• The four kind of viruses that caused dengue are DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4,
• Vector for these viruses is Aedes Aegypti
• Blood transfusion and organ donation from infected person
Favourite Places of Dengue Mosquitoes
• Water Cooler
• Dirty ponds and water bodies
• Garbage
• Water in open vessel
• Old and discarded tyres
• Dirty and filthy water
• Flower vase, Flower pots
• Choked roof gutters
• Unused toilet bowls
• Concrete drain
• Tree holes and leaf axils

• In case of dengue, one should take more and more fluid and oral dehydration.
• Fresh papaya leaves juice is highly recommended to dengue patient as enzymes such as chymopapin and papin of papaya leaves are effective in raising the blood platelets counts.
• Take those diets, which can be easily digested.
• Avoid spicy and oily foods.
• Take sufficient rest.
• To reduce body temperature, one should practice hydrotherapy.
Dengue Prevention
Prevention is better than cure is more appropriately suitable for dengue disease. Prevention is utmost important in case of dengue.
• Accumulated/stagnant water is the favourite breeding ground for mosquitoes. Therefore, such unhygienic conditions should be care of.
• Proper cleaning of water storage i.e. water cooler should be done on regular basis or once in week.
• To prevent mosquito breeding, 2tsp of kerosene or petrol can be put into 100 litres of stagnant water.
• Mosquito net should be used; especially precautions should be taken with children.
• Mosquito repellent should be used.
• Long-sleeved dresses both in case of children and adult should be preferred.
• Discard the items such as tyres, broken pots, which may the source of collecting of water.
• Prevent mosquito entering into eyes.
• One should use screen on door and windows to prevent entry of mosquito.
• Whenever the spray worker comes, ask him to spray properly near your and adjoining areas.
• Discourage the children to play outdoors in shorts and half.
• To control mosquito use aerosol and liquid spray.
• Water should be removed from flower on alternate day.

Dengue fever is a viral infection commonly presented with high grade fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rashes, retro bulbar pain and thrombocytopenia. The causative agent is DEN virus which exists in four serotypes belongs to Flaviviridae family. The morbidity is high in Kerala, which is a hyperendemic area for dengue fever. The incidence is dramatically increases during monsoon. Homoeopathy is well recognized for secondary level prevention of dengue fever during outbreaks. Approach towards patients suffering from dengue involves detailed history taking including details of onset & nature of fever/illness, individual characterizing symptoms especially physical generals and mentals and assessment for warning signs, and conditions in which, dengue is likely to be more severe. Examination is done to identify warning signs and conditions in which dengue is likely to be more severe and includes assessment of hydration, hemodynamic status (pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure), checking for tachypnoea, pleural effusion, examination of rash and bleeding manifestations, assessment of abdominal tenderness, ascites and hepatomegaly. Appropriate investigations are advised for diagnosis and assessment of disease severity.There are several references in the literature for treatment of dengue with homeopathic medicines. The aim of treatment is to provide symptomatic improvement, minimize complications and promote early recovery. Suggestive list of drugs is as follows, however, physician may choose beyond this list on the basis of indication. Homeopathy is beneficial in chronic as well as acute illnesses; It is a common misconception that homeopathy is only useful for chronic disease.

Homeopathic medicines are very effective in all viral infections including dengue. In the current resurge of dengue homeopathic medicines have proved their efficacy once again. While the allopathic system of medicine does not offer any anti-dengue therapy, homeopathic medicines are effective as anti-virals. The patients recover faster, the cycle and duration of fever is shortened and platelet damage limited.

Eupatorium Perfoliatum for dengue fever with bone breaking pains

It is the most suitable remedy for the treatment of Dengue fever as the symptoms of this medicine almost completely mimic that of Dengue fever. It is precisely for this reason that this medicine is called ‘Bone Set’, as it is able to relieve the terrible bone pains that accompany the Dengue fever. It has the same sort of deep bone pains that are almost excruciating in nature. The pain is present in the limbs and the muscles and accompanies a fever which is usually high. There is usually throbbing type of pain in the head. Pain may be felt in the occipital or the back part of the head and also on the top of the head. There is soreness in the eyes or the eyeballs.

Bryonia – Homeopathic remedy for dengue fever with intense thirst.This medicine also has pains in the whole of the body and the upper as well as the lower limbs along with high grade fever. The pains are usually stitching and tearing sort of pains. The two distinguishing features of this medicine are increased thirst and that the pains and all sorts of sufferings of the patient are aggravated by motion. In fact, motion of any and every sort tends to aggravate the pains in the body and the limbs. Whenever the patient tries to walk or move or even turn in bed, the pains and the suffering become intolerable. He feels better while at rest and does not want to move. There is so much dryness of the mouth, tongue and other mucous membranes that patient wants to drink a lot of water and ends up drinking a lot at one go. The taste of the mouth is bitter.

Phosphorus – Homeopathic medicine for haemorrhagic dengue fever.It is one of the best homeopathic remedies for the haemorrhagic dengue fever. There is burning and numbness of the hands, arms and feet. Intense thirst accompanies the fever, so much so that the patient wants to have cold water or even chilled water. Hemorrhage from any and every part or orifice of the body may be seen. The patient may feel unusually hungry.

Rhus Tox – Homeopathic remedy for pains relieved by motion.It is indicated by the muscular soreness and pains in the body which are relieved only while in motion. The patient cannot rest as it is the worst position for him. The tongue gets coated white while the tip of the tongue remains red and forms a red triangle at the tip.

Carica Papaya- Homeopathic remedy for improving platelet count.Carica Papaya is a homeopathic remedy made from papaya fruit. It is a common fruit and its seeds are used to make a homeopathic remedy. It has been seen that it improves the platelet counts in patients whose platelets are falling.